LOWER EXTREMITY PHERIPHERALARTERIAL DISEASE - AN UPDATE
نویسندگان
چکیده
Lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a major endemic with an alarming increased prevalence worldwide. It common and severe condition excess risk of cardiovascular events death. also leads to high rate lower-limb adverse non-traumatic amputation. The American Diabetes Association recommends widespread medical history clinical examination screen for LEAD. ankle brachial index (ABI) the first non-invasive tool recommended diagnose LEAD although its variable performance in patients diabetes. ABI particularly affected by presence peripheral neuropathy, medial calcification, incompressible arteries. There no strong evidence today support alternative test diagnosis these conditions. management requires strict control factors including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia. benefit intensive versus standard glucose on has not been clearly established. Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, antiplatelet agents are obviously worthful reduce events, but few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated benefits treatments terms related events. Smoking cessation, physical activity, supervised walking rehabilitation healthy diet crucial management. Several advances achieved endovascular surgical revascularization procedures, obvious improvement strategy should take into account several anatomical localizations lesions, each patient operator experience. Further studies, especially RCTs, needed evaluate interest different therapeutic strategies occurrence progression
منابع مشابه
Lower Extremity Venous Disease
Lower extremity venous disease is extremely common, with varicose veins remaining the most frequently encountered venous condition followed by chronic venous insuffi ciency.1,2 The two conditions often occur together, but each condition may also be present clinically without the other. Lower extremity venous disease comprises a clinical spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic telangiectas...
متن کاملLower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Eight to 12 million people in United States have PAD (Allison et al. 2007). Only ~10% of patients with PAD have classic intermittent claudication (IC), ~50% have atypical leg symptoms and ~40% are asymptomatic (Hiatt 2001). Its prevalence significantly increases with age; 12 – 20% of those above the age of 65 years suffer from PAD (Ostchega al. 2007). The prevalence of PAD is similar in men and...
متن کاملLower extremity lymphedema update: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines.
Lower extremity lymphedema is an important medical issue which causes morbidity and is frequently seen by dermatologists. The subject has not been adequately addressed in dermatologic literature for many years. Primary lymphedema is caused by an inherent malfunction of the lymph-carrying channel, in which no direct outside cause can be found. Secondary lymphedema is caused by an outside force, ...
متن کاملLower extremity ulcers in connective tissue disease.
Lower extremity ulcers are a late complication of connective tissue diseases and occur more commonly in patients with these diseases than in the general population. Although these lesions have historically been attributed to vasculitis, it is now recognized that inflammatory vessel injury accounts for fewer than 20% of ulcers in connective tissue disease. The pathogenesis of these lesions is co...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International journal of advanced research
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2707-7802', '2707-7810']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14311